Thursday, 24 March 2011

The Exemplar House

The Marika-Alderton House
Architect: Glenn Murcutt
Arguably the Marika-Alderton house would offer the highest point of development in Glenn Murcutts style, ideals and repertoire as an architect to this point in his career. What some may refer to as experimental in its nature, the Marika-Alderton house stands alone in addressing the three architectural theories, “a house is an environmental filter,” a house is a container of human activities” and “a house is a delightful experience.”

The house at first is difficult to comprehend for its simplicity. Attributes that seem essential to the common living environment are obviously made redundant here, and it is at this point I believe where the concept of the house is realised to be something more complex.

My final introductory note to appreciate is the following: “This house is not in a public street but an aboriginal settlement; one needs permission to enter it precisely because of the violations of the non aboriginal gaze…with regard to the photographs they are highly controlled representations of the building.” (Dovey, K 2000) In my research I found that Murcutt still owns copyright to the photographs available, (and there are not many,) and never show the full site or the complete house in frame, which therefore suggests he “controls the critique of his work.” (Dovey, K 2000) Little site information could be sourced other than that derived from text so the site plan produced may appear vague. Yet all this distortion over the sites’ physical elements (even when site plays such a crucial role in Murcutt’s designs) I believe does not undermine the fact that this is a great building that deserves recognition. (Dovey, K 2000) 

As a Environmental Filter

The intent of Murcutt is to engage the building with its specific site and climate, Yirkala, Northern Territory  being a tropical-monsoonal climate. This includes knowing what part of nature to let in and what to keep out.

The elongated sides of the house face to the north and south, allowing for maximum protection from the sun but also letting the building take advantage of the summer and winter breezes. As it is a hot-humid climate, the key method of regulating the thermal status is through ventilation. Aligned in the centre of the open roof are six chimneys that let escape any rising hot air collecting within the house, and help maintain internal pressure during a cyclone.





The absence of windows fills many requirements. The first being the cultural reasons of the client which will be examined later. The second is to abolish any unwanted greenhouse effects on the house or internal cumulative heat. In lieu of windows, Murcutt has used large doors that swing open from the top, that in turn offer shade and let through prevailing breezes and allow the house to be partially opened, completely opened or completely locked down.





The house is raised on stilts so the floor remains cool, has clearance from the insects and lets pass below any tidal surges to up to half a metre as it is located near a beach.


Image retrieved from: Beck, H. Cooper, J. (2002). “Glenn Murcutt: a singular architectural practice.” The images publishing group Pty Ltd, pp-141.

The house is constructed about a steel frame. This can be seen from the inside, as the walls carry no depth in order to establish a low thermal mass and are less likely to retain any heat. The few internal walls are made with plywood and the top swing doors around the outside are from Australian hardwoods. Timber boards upon exposed joists and bearers are used as a flooring system, and the roof is from corrugated sheet steel. Being in a region prone to cyclones the bathroom is reinforced to offer sanction in such a scenario.


Image retrieved from: James Taylor and Associates. (2008) “The Marika-Alderton House.” Available From:http://www.jamestaylorassociates.com.au/cgi-bin/cart/cat.cgi?display=5hd2p96d90&br=Special%20Projects Accessed 15/03/11

A solar panel can be seen from this photograph that expresses the house’ self-reliability.

Murcutt relies on nature to create a suitable living environment. Instead of locking out the elements and having to add devices to regulate the thermal status, the house engages with the elements of the site to offer comfort to its inhabitants.

As a Container of Human Activities

The house was designed specifically for its aboriginal client, who wanted to uphold their culture and customs.

The house is open plan with the same space used for eating, cooking and living. Yet this may not necessarily mean all these activities happen in this space. The surrounding land and sea – provides food still hunted and gathered in the traditional manner. (Beck, H Cooper, J 2002) From this argument it is evident that the occupants maintain an intimate relationship with the land, and the kitchen may not necessarily be used in the same manner as a western occupant might use a kitchen.

The children’s bedrooms are located to the east of the parent’s bedroom, which adheres to the aboriginal custom of occupying space in relation to the setting and rising of the sun. The house also has two bathrooms, which follows the culturally specific tradition of a separate room located deep in the house for women. (Beck, H Cooper, J 2002)



A number of other culturally-specific dimensions drove the planning of the house. The inhabitants must at all times be able to see the horizon, as well as significant monuments in the landscape. They must also be able to recognise approaching visitors without being seen, as well as changing weather patterns and passing animals. (Beck, H Cooper, J 2002) This was achieved entirely with the top swing doors and the gaps between the timber battens that allows the user to look out even in its completely locked down state.


This concept map shows the importance of the main spaces.

As a Delightful Experience

Once Murcutt has addressed the intricacies involved with the practical, social and spiritual side I think the aesthetic is left to speak for itself. Absolutely nothing can be made redundant in this house as it would appear too obvious something is missing, and whatever extensions added on will appear too obvious and seem like they shouldn't be there.

The House is inspired from the indigenous bark-shelters and draws upon their utility and purpose. Its form still follows this yet does so using western technology and modernist architecture.

What I think Murcutt is trying to achieve is a house that doesn’t become more important than the landscape, but settles in and humbly adopts its surroundings.

Proposed Cabin for Glenn Murcutt

With the Marika-Alderton house in mind this cabin was designed for its' architect Glenn Murcutt and the specific site.












The concept followed was that of the exemplar, to "touch the earth lighlty," and create a habitat that is sufficient and  engages with the surrounding environment.

















The cabin is elongated from east to west with the top swinging doors opening to the north. This is to give extra shading to the house whilst opened up during the day. Furthermore this allows the best views to be captured through the openings to the adjacent golf course and park to the east and north. There is no on site parking integrated within the design, but with Murcutt theoretically as a client; (a man who advocates environmental architecture) and a building that has been designed to fit within the Kelvin Grove Urban Village context where there is sufficient resources such as shops and transport apparent; a carport would appear as a redundant addition.


As a container of human activities, the design follows an open plan. The eating/ food preparation spaces and main living/ studio spaces are at the east of the building obtaining the best views and proximity to the street. The bedroom and bathroom being a place of rest and solitude is to the west (furthest from the main street.) These two spaces are separated via a bridge that also acts as a breezeway. The point of entry is also at this junction between the two spaces. The individual may freely approach the house but a sense of entry is still attained by using Christopher Alexanders method in "a pattern language." The entry contains a transition space, a change of view and level, (stairs up to a platform) a change of surface and a gateway which the individual experiences on entering. A change of level is also apparent between the living/ studio space and the kitchen; this acknowledges the difference in activities but respects that both activities may share the same volume of space. This is how the cabin also establishes a delightful experience for the user; not solely though its cosmetics but also the journey in which the individual undertakes and moves through the structure.
Hardwoods from local plantations are to be used in the framing as opposed to steel framing that was used in the exemplar house. This was a result of pre-fabrication requirements due to the inability to work on site, and sponsorship from bhp steel (Dovey, K 2000). This is not the case here therefore the entire house can be made with timber, and in-situ.
Murcutt's hallmarks are included on the outside shell of the building such as top swing doors and exposed floor bearers and joists. Sliding plywood panels are used on the southern and eastern sides of the cabin, and horizontal timber battens line the top to allow cumulative hot air to escape. The skillion roof is angled towards these timber battens so a chimney like effect is created without any such device being apparent.
Murcutt places the bathroom deep in the Marika-Alderton House so that it is well removed from public space. (Haig, B Cooper, J 2002) This idea is still valid here as the bathroom can only be reached by passing through all other spaces first. It is completely closed off with no openings aside from the doorway in. This provides isolation and comfort for its users. Also, the room cantilevers from the edge of the cabin emphasising a space of isolation and privacy from the rest of the house but still maintains a literal closeness to the outside environment.
As an environmental filter this cabin engages with the landscape. It lets nature flood in, in the form of natural light and wind, but filters out the heat, rain and animals. No unnecessary additional devices such as air-con/ heating systems are needed because its low thermal mass and open structure allows for quick cooling in Brisbane's sub-tropical climate (like the colonial Queenslander house). It is this alliance with the elements that allows for such simplicity in its anatomy.

Monday, 21 March 2011

Reference List

(All sources that were read for this project, including other exemplars)


Casa Tolo

AIT (4/06). “Casa Tolo in Lugar das Carvalhinhas.”
Available From: http://archiseminar.posterous.com/ait-article-casa-tolo Accessed on 08/03/11

CCA (09/11/09). “Casa Tolo, Available From: http://www.concrete.net.au/CplusA/issue5/ROL3084_C+A%2005_Casa%20Tolo.pdf Accessed on 08/03/11

Pearson, CA (01/04/2006). "Casa Tolo, Lugar das Carvalhinhas, Alvite, Portugal (Alvaro Leite Siza Vieira Architect)". Architectural record , 194 (4), p. 128.

Saieh , Nico . "Tolo House / Alvaro Leite Siza" 15 May 2008. ArchDaily. Available From: http://www.archdaily.com/893. Accessed 08/03/11.

Marika-Alderton House

Ausrtalian Government. (2008) “Modern Australian Residential Architecture.” Available From: http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/architecture/modernresidential/ Accessed 15/03/11.

Beck, H. Cooper, J. (2002). “Glenn Murcutt: a singular architectural practice.” The images publishing group Pty Ltd.

Dovey, K. (11/2000). “Myth and Media: Constructing Aboriginal Architecture.” Journal of Architectural Education (1984-), Vol. 54, No. 1, pp 2-6. Blackwell Publishing, Accessed 07/03/2011.

Henderson, K. (2007). “The Marika Alderton House.” Available From: http://www.architecture.uwaterloo.ca/faculty_projects/terri/. Accessed 08/03/11.

James Taylor and Associates. (2008) “The Marika-Alderton House.” Available From: http://www.jamestaylorassociates.com.au/cgi-bin/cart/cat.cgi?display=5hd2p96d90&br=Special%20Projects Accessed 15/03/11.

Jarmusch, A. (21/04/2002) “Australian Architect Turns Modernism and Nature Into a Winning Combination.” San Diego Union Tribune, San Diego. Available From: http://global.factiva.com.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/ha/default.aspx Accessed 08/03/11

Mooloomba Beach House

(1996), “Mooloomba Beach House.” University of Tasmania, school of architecture. Available From: http://www.timberbuilding.arch.utas.edu.au/projects/aus/407/mool.html Accessed 08/03/11.

(2008), “Mooloomba House.” Placemakers: Contemporary Queensland Architects. Published by Queensland Art Gallery, printed by Screen Offset Printing: Brisbane.

Andresen, B. O’Gorman, P. (2010) Episode 1 Keeping the Faith - Written Transcript. Available From: http://www.abc.net.au/arts/architecture/ep_trn1.htm#trn_strad Accessed 08/04/11.

Andresen, B. (2011) “Mooloomba House (1995-99) North Stradbroke Island, Australia.” UME22  pp116-131: Published 2011.